Inter Gravissimas

Issued by Pope Gregory XIII, February 24, 1581/2

	Latin transcription by Rodolphe Audette	Franзais translation by Rodolphe Audette	English translation from the French and Latin by Bill Spencer, November 1999
	Gregorius episcopus servus servorum Dei, ad perpetuam rei memoriam.	Grйgoire, йvкque, serviteur des serviteurs de Dieu, en perpйtuelle mйmoire.	Gregory, bishop, servant of the servants of God, in perpetual memory.
	Inter gravissimas pastoralis officii nostri curas, ea postrema non est, ut quж a sacro Tridentino concilio Sedi Apostolicж reservata sunt, illa ad finem optatum, Deo adiutore, perducantur.	Parmi les trиs nobles tвches de notre ministиre pastoral, celle de mener а bonne fin, avec l'aide de Dieu, ce qui a йtй rйservй au Saint-Siиge par le saint concile de Trente n'est pas la moindre.	Among our serious pastoral duties, not the last is that we care to complete those sacred rites reserved by the Council of Trent [1545-1563], with the guiding assistance of God.
1.	Sane eiusdem concilii patres, cum ad reliquas cogitationes breviarii quoque curam adiungerent, tempore tamen exclusi, rem totam ex ipsius concilii decreto ad auctoritatem et iudicium Romani Pontificis retulerunt.	Comme les pиres conciliaires appliquaient aussi leur attention а d'ultimes rйflexions sur le brйviaire mais qu'ils furent arrкtйs par le manque de temps, ils dйcidиrent sagement de se rapporter de toute cette question а l'autoritй et au jugement du pontife romain.	As the fathers of the council also applied their attention and ultimate reflections to the breviary , but were stopped by the lack of time, they wisely decided to refer this entire question to the authority and the judgment of the Roman pontiff.
2.	Duo autem breviario prжcipue continentur, quorum unum preces laudesque divinas festis profestisque diebus persolvendas complectitur, alterum pertinet ad annuos Paschж festorumque ex eo pendentium recursus, solis et lunж motu metiendos.	Or il y a deux parties principales dans le brйviaire: la premiиre comprend les priиres et les hymnes religieuses а rйciter les jours fйriйs et les jours ouvrables, et la seconde porte sur cycle annuel de Pвques et des autres fкtes mobiles, rйglй sur le cours du soleil et de la lune.	However there are two principal parts in the breviary.  The first comprises the prayers and the religious anthems to recite on the public holidays and the working days.  The second concerns the annual cycle of Easter and other festivals whose return depends on measuring the movement of the sun and the moon.
3.	Atque illud quidem felicis recordationis Pius V, prжdecessor noster, absolvendum curavit atque edidit.	La rйforme de la premiиre partie, Pie V, notre prйdйcesseur d'heureuse mйmoire, s'en est acquittй et l'a mise en vigueur.	The reform of the first part, Pius V [1566-1572], our predecessor of happy memory, discharged and put it into force [with the Bull "Quod a nobis", July 9, 1568] .
4.	Hoc vero, quod nimirum exigit legitimam kalendarii restitutionem, iamdiu a Romanis Pontificibus prжdecessoribus nostris et sжpius tentatum est; verum absolvi et ad exitum perduci ad hoc usque tempus non potuit, quod rationes emendandi kalendarii, quж a cњlestium motuum peritis proponebantur, propter magnas et fere inextricabiles difficultates, quas huiusmodi emendatio semper habuit, neque perennes erant, neque antiquos ecclesiasticos ritus incolumes (quod in primis hac in re curandum erat) servabant.	Celle de la seconde partie, qui exige au prйalable la restauration du calendrier, a souvent et depuis longtemps йtй tentйe par les pontifes romains nos prйdйcesseurs; mais elle n'a pu jusqu'а ce jour кtre menйe а terme parce que les divers projets de rйforme du calendrier proposйs par de savants astronomes, en plus de prйsenter les difficultйs immenses et presque inextricables qui ont toujours accompagnй une telle rйforme, n'йtaient pas durables ni surtout ne maintenaient intacts les rites antiques de l'Йglise, et c'йtait lа notre premiиre prйoccupation en cette affaire.	The reform of the second part, which first requires the restoration of the calendar, was tried often, over a long time, by our predecessor Roman pontiffs.  However, it could not be carried out, thus far, because the various calendar reform projects proposed by astronomers, in addition to presenting the immense and almost inextricable difficulties which always accompanied such a reform, were not durable, and especially they did not maintain intact the ancient rites of the Church, and that was our first concern in this business.
5.	Dum itaque nos quoque, credita nobis, licet indignis, a Deo dispensatione freti, in hac cogitatione curaque versaremur, allatus est nobis liber a dilecto filio Antonio Lilio, artium et medicinж doctore, quem quondam Aloysius eius germanus frater conscripserat, in quo per novum quemdam epactarum cyclum ab eo excogitatum, et ad certam ipsius aurei numeri normam directum, atque ad quamcumque anni solaris magnitudinem accommodatum, omnia quж in calendario collapsa sunt, constanti ratione et sжculis omnibus duratura, sic restitui posse ostendit ut calendarium ipsum nulli umquam mutationi in posterum expositum esse videatur. Novam hanc restituendi calendarii rationem, exiguo volumine comprehensam, ad christianos principes celebrioresque universitates paucos ante annos misimus, ut res quж omnium communis est, communi etiam omnium consilio perficeretur; illi cum, quod maxime optabamus, concordes respondissent, eorum nos omnium consensione adducti, viros ad calendarii emendationem adhibuimus in alma Urbe harum rerum peritissimos, quos longe ante ex primariis christiani orbis nationibus delegeramus. Ii cum multum temporis et diligentiж ad eam lucubrationem adhibuissent, et cyclos tam veterum quam recentiorum undique conquisitos ac diligentissime perpensos inter se contulissent, suo et doctorum hominum, qui de ea re scripserunt, iudicio, hunc, prж ceteris, elegerunt epactarum cyclum, cui nonnulla etiam adiecerunt, quж ex accurata circumspectione visa sunt ad calendarii perfectionem maxime pertinere.	Alors que nous aussi par consйquent, fort de l'autoritй que Dieu nous a confiйe tout indigne que nous en fussions, nous nous adonnions а ces rйflexions, notre cher fils Antonio Lilio, professeur de sciences et de mйdecine, nous apporta un livre йcrit naguиre par son frиre Luigi dans lequel celui-ci dйmontrait qu'au moyen d'un tout nouveau cycle d'йpactes qu'il avait inventй et qui d'une part utilisait ses propres rиgles trиs prйcises pour le nombre d'or et d'autre part s'adaptait а toute durйe de l'annйe solaire, tous les dйfauts du calendrier pouvaient кtre corrigйs d'une maniиre cohйrente et qui durerait jusqu'а la fin des siиcles, de telle sorte qu'il ne paraisse plus susceptible de varier а l'avenir. Ce nouveau projet de restauration du calendrier, rйsumй dans un petit livre, nous l'avons fait parvenir il y a quelques annйes aux princes chrйtiens et aux grandes universitйs afin que cette њuvre, qui est l'affaire de tous, soit rйalisйe aprиs consultation de tous; ceux-ci nous ayant manifestй leur accord, comme nous le souhaitions vivement, nous avons, fort de ce consensus, fait venir dans la ville sainte pour rйformer le calendrier des hommes trиs compйtents en la matiиre et que longtemps auparavant nous avions choisis dans les principaux pays du monde chrйtien. Ceux-ci, aprиs avoir consacrй beaucoup de temps et d'attention а ce travail nocturne et avoir discutй entre eux de cycles qu'ils avaient recueillis de partout, tant chez les anciens que chez les modernes, et qu'ils avaient soigneusement йtudiйs, ont, а la rйflexion et de l'avis d'hommes savants qui ont йcrit а ce sujet, choisi de prйfйrence а tout autre ce cycle d'йpactes, y ajoutant mкme des йlйments qui, aprиs mыr examen, ont paru indispensables а la rйalisation d'un calendrier parfait.	While, therefore, this has been entrusted to us, an undeserved dispensation from God has been allowed.  Our dear son Antonio Lilio, professor of science and medicine, brought to us a book, written at one time by his brother Aloysius [Luigi], in which this one showed that, by means of a new cycle of epacts which he had devised, and who directed his own particular Golden Number pattern and accomodated the entirety of any solar year, every [defect of] the calendar collapsed, and the constant calculations would endure for every generation. He was, thus, able to restore and explain how the calendar itself will never need published any further change.  This new project of the restoration of the calendar, summarized in a small book, we forwarded a few years ago to the Christian princes and to the large universities so that this work, which is the business of all, is carried out with the consultation of all.  Those having expressed their agreement to us, as we had sincerely hoped, we have, with this consensus, arranged a gathering in the Holy City, to reform the calendar, of the very qualified men on the matter whom we had chosen from the principal countries of the Christian world a long time before.  Those, after having devoted much time and attention to this night work and having discussed between them cycles which they had collected from everywhere, old ones as well as modern ones, and as they had carefully studied the reflections and the opinions of erudite men who wrote on this subject, chose and prefered this cycle of epacts, adding to it elements which, after thorough examination, appeared essential to the realization of a perfect calendar.
6.	Considerantes igitur nos, ad rectam paschalis festi celebrationem iuxta sanctorum patrum ac veterum Romanorum pontificum, prжsertim Pii et Victoris primorum, necnon magni illius њcumenici concilii Nicжni et aliorum sanctiones, tria necessaria coniungenda et statuenda esse: primum, certam verni жquinoctii sedem; deinde rectam positionem XIV lunж primi mensis, quж vel in ipsum жquinoctii diem incidit, vel ei proxime succedit; postremo primum quemque diem dominicum, qui eamdem XIV lunam sequitur; curavimus non solum жquinoctium vernum in pristinam sedem, a qua iam a concilio Nicжno decem circiter diebus recessit, restituendum, et XIV paschalem suo in loco, a quo quatuor et eo amplius dies hoc tempore distat, reponendam, sed viam quoque tradendam et rationem, qua cavetur, ut in posterum жquinoctium et XIV luna a propriis sedibus numquam dimoveantur.	On constate а l'examen qu'il est nйcessaire de statuer en mкme temps sur trois points pour rйtablir la cйlйbration de Pвques selon les rиgles fixйes par les pontifes romains d'autrefois, particuliиrement Pie premier et Victor premier, et par les pиres des conciles, notamment ceux du grand concile њcumйnique de Nicйe, а savoir: d'abord la date prйcise de l'йquinoxe vernal, puis la date exacte du quatorziиme jour de la lune qui atteint cet вge le jour mкme de l'йquinoxe ou immйdiatement aprиs, enfin le premier dimanche qui suit ce mкme quatorziиme jour de la lune. Aussi avons-nous veillй non seulement а ce que l'йquinoxe vernal revienne а sa date d'autrefois, dont il s'est dйjа йcartй d'environ dix jours depuis le concile de Nicйe, et а ce que le quatorziиme jour de la lune pascale soit remis а sa juste place dont il est maintenant йloignй de quatre jours et plus, mais aussi а ce que soit instaurй un systиme mйthodique et rationnel qui empкche qu'а l'avenir l'йquinoxe et le quatorziиme jour de la lune ne se dйplacent encore de leurs positions appropriйes.	One notes in examining this that it is necessary to rule at the same time on three points to restore the celebration of Easter according to rules fixed by the previous Roman pontiffs, particularly Pius I [ca. 140 - 154] and Victor I [ca. 189 - 198, who established Easter's celebration on Sunday, rather than 14 Nisan favored by the "Quartodeciman" bishops of Asia], and by the fathers of the councils, in particular those of the [first] great ecumenical council of Nicжa [May 20 - August 25, AD 325, deciding the following rules].  Namely: First, the precise date of the vernal equinox, then the exact date of the fourteenth day of the moon which reaches this age the very same day as the equinox or immediately afterwards, finally the first Sunday which follows this same fourteenth day of the moon. Therefore we took care not only that the vernal equinox returns on its former date, of which it has already deviated approximately ten days since the Nicene Council, and so that the fourteenth day of the Paschal moon is given its rightful place, from which it is now distant four days and more, but also that there is founded a methodical and rational system which ensures, in the future, that the equinox and the fourteenth day of the moon do not move from their appropriate positions.
7.	Quo igitur vernum жquinoctium, quod a patribus concilii Nicжni ad XII Kalendas Aprilis fuit constitutum, ad eamdem sedem restituatur, prжcipimus et mandamus ut de mense Octobri anni MDLXXXII decem dies inclusive a tertia Nonarum usque ad pridie Idus eximantur, et dies, qui festum S. Francisci IV Nonas celebrari solitum sequitur, dicatur Idus Octobris, atque in eo celebretur festum Ss. Dionysii, Rustici et Eleutherii martyrum, cum commemoratione S. Marci papж et confessoris, et Ss. Sergii, Bacchi, Marcelli et Apuleii martyrum; septimodecimo vero Kalendas Novembris, qui dies proxime sequitur, celebretur festum S. Callisti papж et martyris; deinde XVI Kalendas Novembris fiat officium et missa de dominica XVIII post Pentecostem, mutata litera dominicali G in C; quintodecimo denique Kalendas Novembris dies festus agatur S. Lucж evangelistж, a quo reliqui deinceps agantur festi dies, prout sunt in calendario descripti.	Afin donc que l'йquinoxe vernal, qui a йtй fixй par les pиres du concile de Nicйe au douziиme des calendes d'avril, soit replacй а cette date, nous prescrivons et ordonnons que soient supprimйs du mois d'octobre de l'an 1582 les dix jours qui vont du troisiиme des nones а la veille des ides inclusivement, et que le jour qui suivra le quatriиme des nones, oщ l'on fкte traditionellement saint Franзois, soit appelй ides d'octobre et que soient cйlйbrйes en ce jour la fкte des saints martyrs Denis, Rustique et Йleuthиre, ainsi que la mйmoire de saint Marc, pape et confesseur, et des saints martyrs Serge, Bacchus, Marcel et Apulйe; que soit cйlйbrйe le lendemain, dix-septiиme des calendes de novembre, la fкte de saint Callixte, pape et martyr; que soient ensuite rйcitйs, le seiziиme des calendes de novembre, l'office et la messe du dix-huitiиme dimanche aprиs la Pentecфte, la lettre dominicale passant de G а C; qu'ait enfin lieu, le quinziиme des calendes de novembre, la fкte de saint Luc, йvangйliste, aprиs quoi se succйderont les autres jours de fкte, de la faзon dont ils sont dйcrits dans le calendrier.	So thus that the vernal equinox, which was fixed by the fathers of the [first] Nicene Council at XII calends April [March 21], is replaced on this date, we prescribe and order that there is removed, from October of the year the 1582, the ten days which go from the third before Nones [the 5th] through the day before the Ides [the 14th] inclusively. The day which will follow IV Nones [the 4th], when one traditionally celebrates Saint Francis [of Assisi] , shall be the Ides of October [the 15th], and there shall be celebrated this day the festival of the martyred Saints Denis [Bishop of Paris, previously confused with Dionysius the Areopagite], Rusticus [a priest of Denis'], and Eleutherius [a deacon of Denis, feast day October 9 for all three], as well as the memory of Saint Mark, [feast day October 7] pope and confessor, and of the martyred Saints Sergius, Bacchus, Marcellus and Apuleius [feast day October 7].  There shall be celebrated the following day, seventeenth calends November [October 16th], the festival of Saint Callistus[I], pope and martyr [feast day October 14] ; and then shall come XVI calends November [October 17th], the office and the mass of the 18th Sunday after Pentecost; the Sunday letter shall pass from G to C.  Finally shall come the place of the fifteenth calends November [October 18th], the festival of Saint Luke the evangelist [feast day October 18] , after which will follow one another the other feastdays, in the way they are described in the calendar.
8.	Ne vero ex hac nostra decem dierum subtractione, alicui, quod ad annuas vel menstruas prжstationes pertinet, prжiudicium fiat, partes iudicum erunt in controversis, quж super hoc exortж fuerint, dictж subtractionis rationem habere, addendo alios X dies in fine cuiuslibet prжstationis.	Mais afin que cette suppression de dix jours ne cause aucun prйjudice а quiconque doit effectuer des paiements mensuels ou annuels, il incombera aux juges, dans tout litige qui pourrait en rйsulter, de tenir compte de ladite suppression en reportant de dix jours l'йchйance de n'importe quel paiement.	But so that this ten days removal does not cause any injury with whomever must carry out monthly or annual payments, it will fall to the judges, in any litigation which could result from it, to take account of the aforementioned removal by deferring ten days the expiration of any payment.
9.	Deinde, ne in posterum a XII Kalendas Aprilis жquinoctium recedat, statuimus bissextum quarto quoque anno (uti mos est) continuari debere, prжterquam in centesimis annis; qui, quamvis bissextiles antea semper fuerint, qualem etiam esse volumus annum MDC, post eum tamen qui deinceps consequentur centesimi non omnes bissextiles sint, sed in quadringentis quibusque annis primi quique tres centesimi sine bissexto transigantur, quartus vero quisque centesimus bissextilis sit, ita ut annus MDCC, MDCCC, MDCCCC bissextiles non sint. Anno vero MM, more consueto dies bissextus intercaletur, Februario dies XXIX continente, idemque ordo intermittendi intercalandique bissextum diem in quadringentis quibusque annis perpetuo conservetur.	Ensuite, afin que l'йquinoxe ne s'йloigne plus а l'avenir du douziиme des calendes d'avril, nous dйcrйtons qu'un bissexte devra кtre intercalй tous les quatre ans selon la coutume, sauf durant les annйes sйculaires; mais que celles-ci, bien qu'elles aient toujours йtй bissextiles jusqu'а prйsent, et bien que nous voulions que l'an 1600 le soit encore, ne le seront plus toutes par la suite; mais que pour toute pйriode de quatre cents ans, chacune des trois premiиres annйes sйculaires s'йcoulera sans bissexte, et que la quatriиme sera bissextile, de telle sorte que les annйes 1700, 1800 et 1900 ne seront pas bissextiles; mais qu'en l'an 2000 un bissexte sera intercalй selon la coutume, fйvrier comptant 29 jours, et que le mкme ordre d'omissions et d'intercalations de bissextes durant chaque pйriode de quatre cents ans sera respectй а jamais.	Then, lest the equinox recede from XII calends April [March 21st] in the future, we establish that a bissextile [intercalation day] shall be inserted every four years (as with the present custom), except in centennial years. Those, although they were always bissextile until now, will not be from now on, although we decree that year 1600 is still bissextile;  after that, however, those centennial years that follow are not all bissextile, but the first year is, and then three centennial years have no bissextile [intercallation] performed, and, then, the fourth centennial year is indeed bissextile.  Thus, the years 1700, 1800 and 1900 will not be bissextile, and then, as with the habit with which we are now accustomed, the year 2000 will have a bissextile intercalation day, as the day February 29, and that the same order of intermittent bissextile intercalations in each four hundred year period will be preserved in perpetuity.
10.	Quo item XIV paschalis recte inveniatur, itemque dies lunж, iuxta antiquum Ecclesiж morem ex martyrologio singulis diebus ediscendi, fideli populo vere proponantur, statuimus ut, amoto aureo numero de calendario, in eius locum substituatur cyclus epactarum, qui ad certam (uti diximus) aurei numeri normam directus, efficit ut novilunium et XIV paschalis vera loca semper retineant. Idque manifeste apparet ex nostri explicatione calendarii, in quo descriptж sunt etiam tabulж paschales secundum priscum Ecclesiж ritum, quo certius et facilius sacrosanctum Pascha inveniri possit.	De plus, afin que le quatorziиme jour de la lune pascale soit dйterminй avec prйcision et que l'вge de la lune soit prйsentй avec exactitude aux fidиles conformйment а l'antique usage de l'Йglise d'en prendre connaissance chaque jour а la lecture du martyrologe, nous ordonnons qu'une fois le nombre d'or retirй du calendrier, on lui substitue le cycle des йpactes qui, grвce а ses rиgles trиs prйcises ci-dessus mentionnйes pour le nombre d'or, fait en sorte que la nouvelle lune et le quatorziиme jour de la lune pascale soient toujours parfaitement localisйs. Et ceci se voit clairement dans l'explication de notre calendrier, oщ sont aussi prйsentйes des tables pascales conformes aux coutumes antiques de l'Йglise et qui permettent de trouver plus sыrement et plus facilement la date du trиs saint jour de Pвques.	Moreover, so that the fourteenth day of the Paschal moon is given with precision and that the age of the moon is presented with precision to the faithful in accordance with the antique use of the Church, to take note of it each day with the reading of martyrology , we order that once the Golden Number is withdrawn from the calendar, one substitutes the cycle of the epacts for it which, thanks to its very precise rules mentioned above for the Golden Number, makes so that the new moon and the fourteenth day of the Paschal moon always hold their place. And this is seen clearly in the explanation of our calendar, where are also presented Paschal tables in conformity with the ancient habits of the Church and which make it possible to find more surely and more easily the sacred date of the Easter.
11.	Postremo, quoniam partim ob decem dies de mense Octobri anni MDLXXXII (qui correctionis annus recte dici debet) exemptos, partim ob ternos etiam dies quolibet quadringentorum annorum spatio minime intercalandos, interrumpatur necesse est cyclus literarum dominicalium XXVIII annorum ad hanc usque diem usitatus in Ecclesia Romana, volumus in eius locum substitui eumdem cyclum XXVIII annorum, ab eodem Lilio, tum ad dictam intercalandi bissexti in centesimis annis rationem, tum ad quamcumque anni solaris magnitudinem, accommodatum; ex quo litera dominicalis beneficio cycli solaris, жque facile ac prius, ut in proprio canone explicatur, reperiri possit in perpetuum.	Enfin, puisque d'une part а cause des dix jours retranchйs du mois d'octobre de l'an 1582 (qu'on doit maintenant appeler annйe de la rйforme) et d'autre part а cause de chacun des trois jours qui ne devront plus кtre intercalйs durant chaque pйriode de quatre cents ans, il sera nйcessaire d'interrompre le cycle de 28 ans des lettres dominicales en usage jusqu'а ce jour dans l'Йglise romaine, nous voulons que lui soit substituй le mкme cycle de 28 ans tel qu'adaptй par ce mкme Lilio а la rиgle d'intercalation de bissextes pour les annйes sйculaires ainsi qu'а toute durйe de l'annйe solaire, de sorte que la lettre dominicale puisse pour toujours кtre dйterminйe aussi facilement qu'avant а l'aide du cycle solaire, comme cela est expliquй dans le canon qui s'y rapporte.	Lastly, partly because of the ten days cut off from October from year 1582 (that one must now call the year of the reform) and partly because of the three days which will not have to be inserted any more during each four hundred year period, it will be necessary to stop the 28 year cycle of the Sunday letters used so far in the Roman Church.  We want to substitute for it the same 28 year cycle, as adapted by this same Lilio to the rule of bissextile intercalation for the last years of the century as well as to the whole solar year, so that the Sunday letter can always be given as easily as before using the solar cycle, as that is explained in the canon which is referred to it.
12.	Nos igitur, ut quod proprium pontificis maximi esse solet exequamur, calendarium immensa Dei erga Ecclesiam suam benignitate iam correctum atque absolutum hoc nostro decreto probamus, et Romж una cum martyrologio imprimi, impressumque divulgari iussimus.	Conformйment donc а ce qui est traditionnellement l'attribut du souverain pontife, nous approuvons par ces prйsentes le calendrier maintenant rйformй et rendu parfait grвce а l'infinie bienveillance de Dieu envers son Йglise, et nous avons ordonnй qu'il soit imprimй а Rome en mкme temps que le martyrologe, puis publiй.	We, therefore, with what is traditionally the attribute of sovereign pontiff, we approve this calendar, now reformed and made perfect thanks to the infinite benevolence of God towards his Church, and we order that it is printed in Rome with the martyrology.
13.	Ut vero utrumque ubique terrarum incorruptum ac mendis et erroribus purgatum servetur, omnibus in nostro et sanctж Romanж Ecclesiж dominio mediate vel immediate subiecto commorantibus impressoribus, sub amissionis librorum ac centum ducatorum auri Camerж Apostolicж ipso facto applicandorum; aliis vero, in quacumque orbis parte consistentibus, sub excommunicationis latж sententiж ac aliis arbitrii nostri pњnis, ne sine nostra licentia calendarium aut martyrologium, simul vel separatim, imprimere vel proponere, aut recipere ullo modo audeant vel prжsumant, prohibemus.	Mais afin que l'un et l'autre soient maintenus intacts et exempts de fautes et d'erreurs partout sur la terre, nous interdisons а tous les imprimeurs йtablis sur le territoire soumis avec ou sans intermйdiaire а notre juridiction et а celle de la sainte Йglise romaine d'avoir l'audace ou la prйsomption d'imprimer ou de publier sans notre autorisation le calendrier ou le martyrologe, ensemble ou sйparйment, ou d'en tirer bйnйfice en aucune maniиre, sous peine de la perte de contrats et d'une amende de cent ducats d'or а payer ipso facto а la Chambre apostolique; quant aux autres, oщ qu'ils demeurent sur terre, nous leur faisons la mкme interdiction, sous peine d'excommunication latж sententiж et sous d'autres peines а notre discrйtion.	But so that these orders are maintained intact and clear everywhere of faults and errors, we prohibit all the printers established on the territory subject, with or without intermediary, to our jurisdiction and that of holy Roman Church, to have the audacity or the presumption to print or publish, without our authorization, the calendar or martyrology, together or separately, or to draw benefit in any manner from it, under penalty of the loss of contracts and of a fine of one hundred gold ducats to pay to the Apostolic See.  As for others, where that they remain similarly subject, we give them the same prohibition, under penalty of excommunication latж sententiж and under other sorrows within our discretion.
14.	Tollimus autem et abolemus omnino vetus calendarium, volumusque ut omnes patriarchж, primates, archiepiscopi, episcopi, abbates et ceteri ecclesiarum prжsides novum calendarium (ad quod etiam accomodata est ratio martyrologii), pro divinis officiis recitandis et festis celebrandis, in suas quisque ecclesias, monasteria, conventus, ordines, militias et diњceses introducant, et eo solo utantur, tam ipsi quam ceteri omnes presbyteri et clerici sжculares et regulares utriusque sexus, necnon milites et omnes christifideles, cuius usus incipiet post decem illos dies ex mense Octobri anni MDLXXXII exemptos. Iis vero, qui adeo longinquas incolunt regiones, ut ante prжscriptum a nobis tempus harum literarum notitiam habere non possint, liceat, eodem tamen Octobri mense insequentis anni MDLXXXIII vel alterius, cum primum scilicet ad eos hж nostrж literж pervenerint, modo a nobis paulo ante tradito, eiusmodi mutationem facere, ut copiosius in nostro calendario anni correctionis explicabitur.	Nous supprimons donc et abolissons absolument l'ancien calendrier et nous voulons que tous les patriarches, primats, archevкques, йvкques, abbйs et autres dirigeants d'Йglises mettent en vigueur pour la lecture de l'office divin et la cйlйbration des fкtes, chacun dans son Йglise, monastиre, couvent, ordre, armйe ou diocиse, le nouveau calendrier, auquel a йtй adaptй le martyrologe, et ne fassent usage que de celui-ci, tant eux-mкmes que tous les autres prкtres et clercs, sйculiers et rйguliers, de l'un et l'autre sexes, ainsi que les militaires et tous les chrйtiens, calendrier dont l'utilisation commencera aprиs la suppression de dix jours du mois d'octobre 1582. Quant а ceux cependant qui habitent des rйgions trop йloignйes pour prendre а temps connaissance de cette lettre, qu'il leur soit permis de faire un tel changement au mois d'octobre de l'annйe qui suivra immйdiatement, а savoir 1583, ou de la suivante de celle-ci, aussitфt bien sыr que cette lettre leur sera parvenue, de la maniиre que nous avons indiquйe ci-dessus et comme cela sera plus abondamment expliquй dans le calendrier de l'annйe de la rйforme.	We thus remove and absolutely abolish the old calendar and we want that all the patriarchs, primacies, archbishops, bishops, abbots and other leaders of Churches put into force for the reading of the divine office and the celebration of the festivals, each one in his Church, monastery, convent, command, army or diocese, the new calendar, to which was adapted the martyrology, and make use only of this one, as well as all the other priests and clerks, secular and regular, of the both genders, as well as soldiers and all Christians, this calendar whose use will start after the ten days removal of October 1582. As for those however which live in areas too distant to take knowledge of this letter in time, they are allowed to make such a change in October of the year which will follow immediately, namely 1583, or the next one, as soon, of course, as this letter will have come to them, in the manner that we indicated above and as that will be more abundantly explained in the calendar of the year of the reform.
15.	Pro data autem nobis a Domino auctoritate hortamur et rogamus carissimum in Christo filium nostrum Rodulphum Romanorum regem illustrem in imperatorem electum, ceterosque reges, principes ac respublicas, iisdemque mandamus ut quo studio illi a nobis contenderunt, ut hoc tam prжclarum opus perficeremus, eodem, immo etiam maiore, ad conservandam in celebrandis festivitatibus inter christianas nationes concordiam, nostrum hoc calendarium et ipsi suscipiant, et a cunctis sibi subiectis populis religiose suscipiendum inviolateque observandum curent.	D'autre part, en vertu de l'autoritй dont nous avons йtй investi par Dieu, nous exhortons et prions notre trиs cher fils en Jйsus-Christ Rodolphe, l'illustre roi des Romains devenu empereur, ainsi que les autres rois et princes, de mкme que les rйpubliques, et nous leur recommandons, йtant donnй qu'ils nous ont vivement pressй d'accomplir cette њuvre si admirable, mais aussi, et mкme surtout, afin de maintenir entre les nations chrйtiennes l'harmonie dans la cйlйbration des fкtes, d'adopter eux-mкmes notre calendrier et de veiller а ce que tous leurs sujets l'adoptent respectueusement et s'y conforment scrupuleusement.	In addition, under the terms of the authority with which we were invested by God, we exhort and request our very dear sons in Christ, our illustrious Rudolph II, King of the Romans become emperor, as well as the other kings and princes, just as the republics. We recommend to them, both since they sought us to achieve this very admirable work, but also, and even especially, in order to maintain harmony between the Christian nations in the celebration of the festivals, to adopt for themselves our calendar and to take care that all their subjects adopt it respectfully and conform to it scrupulously.
16.	Verum, quia difficile foret prжsentes literas ad universa christiani orbis loca deferri, illas ad basilicж Principis Apostolorum et Cancellariж Apostolicж valvas, et in acie Campi Florж publicari et affigi; et earumdem literarum exemplis, etiam impressis, et voluminibus calendarii et martyrologii insertis et prжpositis, sive manu tabellionis publici subscriptis, necnon sigillo personж in dignitate ecclesiastica constitutж obsignatis, eamdem prorsus indubitatam fidem ubique gentium et locorum haberi prжcipimus, quж originalibus literis exhibitis omnino haberetur.	Comme il serait difficile toutefois de faire parvenir cette lettre а tous les pays du monde chrйtien, nous ordonnons qu'elle soit rendue publique et affichйe aux portes de la basilique du prince des apфtres et а celles de la Chancellerie apostolique, ainsi qu'а l'entrйe du Campo dei Fiori; et que, chez tous les peuples et dans tous les pays, on accorde le mкme crйdit absolu а des copies de cette lettre, mкme imprimйes, accompagnйes d'exemplaires du calendrier et du martyrologe mentionnйs prйcйdemment, а la fois signйes de la main d'un notaire public et authentifiйes du sceau d'un dignitaire de l'Йglise, que celui qui serait accordй par tous а la lettre originale affichйe.	As it would be difficult however to forward this letter to all the countries of the Christian world, we order that it is made public and displayed on the gates of the basilica of the Apostolic Prince and on those of the Apostolic Chancellery, as well as at the entry of Campo dei Fiori.   Also, among all people and in all the countries, one shall grant the same absolute credit to copies of this letter, even printed, accompanied by specimens by the calendar and martyrology mentioned previously, at the same time with the signed hand and notary seal of a public and authenticated dignitary of the Church, that that which would be granted by all to the displayed original letter.
17.	Nulli ergo omnino hominum liceat hanc paginam nostrorum prжceptorum, mandatorum, statutorum, voluntatis, probationis, prohibitionis, sublationis, abolitionis, hortationis et rogationis infringere, vel ei ausu temerario contraire. Si quis autem hoc attentare prжsumpserit, indignationem omnipotentis Dei ac beatorum Petri et Pauli apostolorum eius se noverit incursurum.	Qu'il soit donc interdit а tous sans exception d'enfreindre cet acte de nos prescription, ordonnance, dйcret, volontй, approbation, interdiction, suppression, abolition, exhortation et priиre, ou de s'y opposer avec une audace tйmйraire. Si toutefois quelqu'un avait cette prйsomption, qu'il sache qu'il encourrait la colиre du Tout-Puissant et de ses bienheureux apфtres Pierre et Paul.	No one among men, therefore, is permitted to infringe on this page, our [7] prescription, mandate, [9,10,11] establishment, wish, [12] approval, [13] prohibition, [14] suppression, abolition, [15]  exhortation and request, nor dare reckless opposition.  But if you tamper with this, Almighty God will take you up with indignation, and you will have the fortune to encounter his apostles Peter and Paul.
	Datum Tusculi, anno Incarnationis dominicж MDLXXXI, sexto Kalendas Martii, pontificatus nostri anno X.	Donnй а Tusculum le sixiиme des calendes de mars de l'an 1581 de l'Incarnation, dixiиme de notre pontificat.	Given at Tusculum [now part of Frascati], in the year of the Incarnation of the Lord 1581[in the Easter year style of Florence; i.e. 1582], sixth calends March [February 24th], of our pontificate, year 10. Cae. Glorierius A. de Alexijs [chancellors to the Pope]

A note on the English Translation:
The translation was made with the help of many human and Internet sources, from both the French and from the original Latin.  I seek others' wisdom in improving the validity of the translation, and comments may be sent directly to Bill Spencer, or members may send comments to the CALNDR-L list.  Helpful feedback was obtained from Rodolphe Audette and Robert H. van Gent.  Special Internet help was obtained from Altavista's babelfish , a Latin Translator (beta) by Adam McLean, Latin Words by William Whitaker, and New Advent's The Catholic Encyclopedia .

Bill Spencer, November 24-28, AD 1999, according to the Gregorian Calendar.

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